July 2021 – Data Savvy

Each resource type in Azure has a naming scope within which the resource name must be unique. For PaaS resources such as Azure SQL Server (server for Azure SQL DB) and Azure Data Factory, the name must be globally unique within the resource type. This means that you can’t have two data factories with the same name, but you can have a data factory and a SQL server with the same name. Virtual machine names must be unique within the resource group. Azure Storage accounts must be globally unique. Azure SQL Databases should be unique within the server.

Since Azure allows you to create a data factory and a SQL server with the same resource name, you may think this is fine. But you may want to avoid this, especially if you plan on using system-defined managed identities or using Azure PowerShell/CLI. And if you aren’t planning on using these things, you might want to reconsider.

I ran into this issue of resources with the same name in a client environment and then recreated it in my Azure subscription to better understand it.

I already had a data factory named adf-deploydemo-dev so I made an Azure SQL server named adf-deploydemo-dev and added a database with the same name.

A data factory named adf-deploymentdemo-dev, a SQL Server named adf-deploymentdemo-dev, and a database named adf-deploymentdemo-dev — A data factory, a SQL Database, and a SQL Server all with the same name in the same region and same resource group

Azure Data Factory should automatically create its system-assigned managed identity. It will use the resource name for the name of the service principal. When you go to create a linked service in Azure Data Factory Studio and choose to use Managed Identity as the authentication method, you will see the name and object ID of the managed identity.

Managed identity name: adf-deploymentdemo-dev. Managed identity object ID: 575e8c6e-dfe6-4b5f-91be-40b0f0b9643b — Information shown in my data factory when creating a linked service for a storage account.

For the Azure SQL Server, we can create a managed identity using PowerShell. The Set-AzSqlServer cmdlet has an -AssignIdentity parameter, which creates the system-assigned managed identity.

Executing PowerShell command: Set-AzSqlServer -AssignIdentity -ResourceGroupName 'ADFDemployDemoDev' -ServerName 'adf-deploydemo-dev' — Executing the PowerShell command to create a managed identity

If you use Get-AzSqlServer to retrieve the information and assign the Identity property to a variable, you can then see the system-assigned managed identity and its application ID.

Executing PowerShell command: $S = Get-AzSqlServer -ResourceGroupName 'ADFDemployDemoDev' -ServerName 'adf-deploydemo-dev'
$S.Identity
The results show principalID, Type, and TenantID — *Verifying the managed identity is in place for an Azure SQL server.*

Now when I look in Active Directory, I can see both managed identities have the same name but different application IDs and object IDs.

Two managed identities in AAD, both called adf-deploymentdeo-dev. — Two managed service principals used for managed identities that have the same name but different IDs

Everything is technically working right now, but I have introduced some needless ambiguity that can cause misunderstandings and issues.

Let’s say that I want to grant the Storage Blob Data Reader role to my data factory. I go to the storage account, choose to add a role assignment, select the role, and then go to add members. This is what I see:

The user interface to select members to add to a role assignment shows users and service principals by name, so ti contains two objects named adf-deploydemo-dev — Which managed identity belongs to the data factory?

Or let’s say that I use PowerShell to get lists of resources by name. I may be locating resources to add tags, add a resource lock, or move the resource to another region or resource group.

Executing PowerShell command Get-AzResource - Name 'adf-deploydemo-dev' | ft — Getting resources by name returns all three resources

If I don’t specify the resource type, I will get my data factory, my database, and my server in the results. You may be saying “Well, I would always specify the type.” Even if that is true, are you sure all coworkers and consultants touching your Azure resources would do the same?

Why introduce this ambiguity when there is no need to do so?

There are some good tips in the Cloud Adoption Framework in Microsoft Docs about naming conventions. Your organization probably wants to decide up front what names are acceptable and then use Azure Policy as well as good processes to ensure adherence to your defined conventions. And if I were the consultant advising you, I would suggest that resources within your tenant be unique across resource types. The suggestion in Docs is to use a resource type abbreviation at the beginning of your resource name. That would avoid the issue I have demonstrated above. Naming conventions should be adjusted to your organization’s needs, but the ones suggested in Docs are a good place to start if you need some help. It is beneficial to have some kind of resource naming convention beyond just whatever is allowed by Azure.

In week 26 of Workout Wednesday for Power BI, I asked people to calculate the age of Nobel laureates at the time they received the award. I provided some logic, but I didn’t prescribe how to create the age calculation. This inspired a couple of questions and a round of data validation as calculating age may be trickier than you think. In this post, I’ll explore some of the ways people have calculated age in Power BI and the edge cases where those calculations may not work.

In my solution video for Workout Wednesday, I used Power Query to calculate age. This was inspired by several blog posts and videos I had seen previously. There is an Age menu option in the Power Query editor under Date.

Calculating Age with the Power Query Editor user interface

When you select a date column and use that Age option, it calculates the duration between the selected date and the current date in days. You must then replace the current date with the second date column. Next you can choose Total Years under Duration, which divides the days by 365. Finally, you must round that number down to the next integer to get years.

If you follow Ruth’s video, you can do all of that in one step that creates a custom column with the final age value.

 Number.RoundDown(Duration.TotalDays([Date2] - [Date1])/365)

That is the most common option in Power Query as there is no DateDiff function.

There are a few options for calculating age in DAX. Some people use the DATEDIFF function.

Age DateDiff = DATEDIFF([Date1],[Date2],YEAR)

Another way I have seen is to use YEARFRAC function.

Age YearFrac = INT ( YEARFRAC ( [Date1], [Date2], 1 ) )

The way Marco Russo suggests is to use QUOTIENT.

Age Quotient (DAX): 

Age Quotient = 

VAR Birthdate = [Date1]

VAR ThisDay = [Date2]

VAR IntBirthdate = YEAR ( Birthdate ) * 10000 + MONTH ( Birthdate ) * 100 + DAY ( Birthdate )

VAR IntThisDay = YEAR ( ThisDay ) * 10000 + MONTH ( ThisDay ) * 100 + DAY ( ThisDay )

VAR Age = QUOTIENT ( IntThisDay - IntBirthdate, 10000 )

VAR CheckedAge = DIVIDE ( Age, NOT ISBLANK ( Birthdate ) )

RETURN

    CheckedAge

As Marco points out, many people were using YEARFRAC, but there is a bug in the DAX implementation that causes it to occasionally return an incorrect answer for this purpose.

Checking the Numbers

I created a Power BI file to demonstrate the differences in these four calculations. You can download the file here. The image below displays the results in several tests. For each row, I’m using Date1 as the birthdate and Date2 as the “as of” date. You’ll notice that I focused on leap years for a few cases.

Table in Power BI with 10 date ranges showing the results from the four calculations. 6 of the 10 rows have different results across the calculations. — Example date ranges and result of the four age calculations

There are six of ten date ranges that have different results across the different calculation methods.

In the second row, the Power Query age calculation says that Feb 29 to Feb 28 in the following year is a full year. This may or may not be what you want depending on your requirements. I’m noting the difference so you can be aware. A similar thing occurs in the fifth row going from Feb 29, 2016 to Feb 28, 2020, and again on the 9th row going from March 1, 2019 to Feb 29, 2020.

On the third row, notice that the DAX DATEDIFF function calculates Feb 29 to Feb 27 of the following year to be a full year, despite it being a day or two short. Depending on what you do with leap years, you might consider Feb 29 to Feb 28 in the following year to be a full year, but that third row result means DATEDIFF is probably not the calculation I want. We see a similar result going from March 1 to Feb 28 of the following year.

YEARFRAC calculates that Feb 29 to Feb 28 in the following year is not a full year, which may be desirable. But it counts Feb 29, 2016 to Feb 29, 2020 as only three years. And we see that March 1, 2000 to March 1, 2021 is only counted as 20 years. So even without starting on a leap year, we get some incorrect results. Small numbers seem to be correct until it gets to about 13 years.

Using the QUOTIENT function provides what I consider to be the most correct results. It calculates Feb 29 to Feb 28 of the following year to be less than a year. It calculates Feb 29, 2016 to Feb 28, 2016 to be three years and not four. And it calculates March 1 to Feb 29 of the following year to be less than a year.

Which to use?

The QUOTIENT formula produces the most accurate results if you don’t want Feb 29 to Feb 28 the next year to be counted as a year. DATEDIFF and YEARFRAC produce too many incorrect results for me to ever suggest using them. Since there is a DAX option that produces more correct answers, I would just go for QUOTIENT instead of either of these two.

UPDATE: There is a better alternative! Imke Feldmann reminded me that there is an Number.IntegerDivide function in Power Query. So let’s take the logic from Marco’s DAX calculation and move it to Power Query:

(BirthDate as date, EndDate as date) =>
let
BirthDateInt = Date.Year(BirthDate)10000 + Date.Month(BirthDate)100 + Date.Day(BirthDate),
EndDateInt = Date.Year(EndDate)10000 + Date.Month(EndDate)100 + Date.Day(EndDate),
Age = Number.IntegerDivide((EndDateInt - BirthDateInt),10000)
in Age

The Power Query custom column created by invoking this function should produce better compression than a DAX calculated column. This might not be significant for a small dataset, but we should be efficient when we can.

Month: July 2021

Thoughts on Unique Resource Names in Azure

Calculating Age in Power BI

Checking the Numbers

Which to use?